Colorectal can.cer often begins with small, non-can.cerous growths in the colon or rectum called adenomatous polyps. Although these polyps are initially harmless, some can gradually turn can.cerous over time. This type of can.cer is among the ten most common illnesses worldwide.
Fortunately, certain habits and medical conditions that elevate the risk of colorectal can.cer can be addressed or modified. Making informed lifestyle changes is a key part of prevention.
Excessive alcohol consumption
Drinking too much alcohol significantly raises the risk of developing colorectal can.cer. The more alcohol you consume, the higher your chances of facing this disease. Health experts suggest that men should limit their intake to no more than two alcoholic drinks per day, while women should stick to just one.
Frequent consumption of red and processed meats
A diet high in red meats — such as beef, pork, or lamb — as well as processed meats like sausages, bacon, ham, and deli meats, has been strongly linked to colorectal can.cer. To reduce your risk, it’s advisable to eat less than 85 grams of red meat daily and to steer clear of processed meat products altogether when possible.
Low fruit and vegetable intake
Neglecting fruits and vegetables in your diet can also raise your can.cer risk. These foods are packed with essential nutrients and antioxidants that help protect the colon. Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, kale, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts, in particular, contain compounds known to lower the risk of colorectal can.cer. A varied intake of fresh produce each day is a simple and effective way to support your health.
Lack of physical activity
A sedentary lifestyle is another risk factor. Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and can lower the chances of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes — both of which are associated with colorectal can.cer. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week to keep your body in balance.
Smoking
Tobacco use damages the cells lining the colon and rectum, making smokers more vulnerable to can.cer. However, the good news is that quitting smoking can drastically reduce your risk — even if you’ve smoked for years, your chances of developing colorectal can.cer can be cut in half over time.
Obesity
Being overweight or obese, particularly for men, is closely tied to a higher risk of colorectal can.cer. Excess fat tissue produces hormones that may encourage can.cer cell growth. Losing weight and keeping your body mass within a healthy range can significantly lower this risk.
Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes
Individuals with poorly managed type 2 diabetes are more prone to colorectal can.cer, partly due to associated obesity and insulin resistance. Managing diabetes through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and prescribed medications is essential for prevention.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Chronic conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis cause long-term inflammation in the digestive tract, which may damage the intestinal lining and heighten can.cer risk. Keeping IBD under control through medical treatment and lifestyle adjustments is crucial.
Skipping colon can.cer screenings
Routine colonoscopies are vital in identifying and removing polyps before they become can.cerous. Screening also allows for early can.cer detection, when treatment is most effective. If you’re over 50 or have a family history of colorectal can.cer, it’s important to start regular screenings early.
